MLB lockout: Your FAQ guide to the work stoppage and its history
A lockout is almost upon us in Major League Baseball as the Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) between MLB owners and MLB Players Association (MLBPA) has nearly lapsed. The CBA, which was enacted between the 2016 and 2017 offseason, is set to expire at 11:59 p.m. (Eastern time) on Wednesday, December 1, 2021.
As a result, there will be a lot of things that will be different in the baseball world this offseason as long as the lockout continues.
In the meantime, though, there are some burning questions on what will happen because it hasn’t happened in MLB for over a quarter of a century. Here’s what you need to know about lockouts and the history of them in MLB.
Is MLB going on strike or is it a lockout?
The difference between a strike and a lockout for MLB is two different things. A strike is when, in this case, the MLBPA (which all MLB players are in) refuses to work. A lockout happens when the MLB owners initiate a work stoppage.
This means that team personnel cannot be in contact with any players, no free agents can sign, and no trades can be made. Injured players also cannot receive rehab or treatment at any club facility or from any team trainer. Players that train at a Spring Training complex or MLB stadium are out of luck too so they have to find somewhere else to train.
When was MLB’s last work stoppage?
The last MLB work stoppage started in August 1994 and ended in March 1995. It wiped out roughly the last 50 games of the 1994 season, all of the playoffs, the World Series, a few weeks of Spring Training, and 18 games of the 1995 season.
Why did the last MLB work stoppage last that long?
The Collective Bargaining Agreement of the time had elapsed after the 1993 season. However, MLB owners decided not to have a “lockout” and 1994 started with the owners and MLBPA working under the previous CBA. However, in the second week of August, negotiations had soured so much that the MLBPA went on strike. The biggest holdup was that the owners wanted a salary cap but also, there were other factors.
In the 1980s, MLB owners colluded to keep salaries stagnant. The most famous case was future Hall of Famer Andre Dawson in 1987. He wanted to play for the Cubs but since the owners were colluding, Dawson and his agent gave the Cubs a blank check.
The Cubs gave Dawson $500,000, which was roughly half of his salary the year before, plus incentives. Dawson, who had been an All-Star three times in the decade, won six Gold Gloves, three Silver Sluggers, and ranked in the top 10 in MVP voting three times (including two second-place finishes), ended up winning the NL MVP in 1987.
In 1994, baseball was without a commissioner as well since the owners forced Commissioner Fay Vincent to resign. The acting Commissioner was Milwaukee Brewers owner Allan H. (“Bud”) Selig. Selig eventually became the full-time MLB Commissioner in 1998 and sold the Brewers to his daughter, Wendy, who sold the team to Mark Attanasio in 2004.
Eventually, the President of the United States at the time (Bill Clinton) intervened as a negotiator with no luck. A federal arbitrator also was used as a negotiator with no luck. After the vast majority of MLB owners threatened to use replacement players (former MLB players, minor leaguers, college players), a federal judge (future Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor) ruled in favor of the players in March 1995.
Play resumed but a new CBA was not agreed upon until after the 1996 season.
How many times has there been a work stoppage in MLB?
With this lockout, there have been nine work stoppages in MLB history. Here is a brief overview of the timeline for them and the MLBPA.
1966: MLB Players formally unionize to form the MLBPA. They had been in a group since 1953 but owners did not recognize the union until 1966. The MLBPA hired Marvin Miller as their executive director. Miller was with the United Steel Works of America before coming to MLBPA.
1972 MLB strike: 86 regular-season games were canceled because of this strike. After 13 days, the owners gave in to demands from the MLBPA. Some of the demands given into were salary arbitration, a pension fund payment increase. The canceled games caused an uneven schedule, which had ramifications in the AL East as the Detroit Tigers (86-70) won the division by 0.5 games over Boston (85-70).
1973 MLB lockout: This lockout did not cancel any regular-season games as it happened in Spring Training. Owners and the MLBPA agreed on a three-year CBA and Spring Training games resumed.
1976 MLB lockout: This has the same circumstances as 1973 but this secured free agency for all players (check this out for more info on the history of free agency).
1980 MLB strike: Players went on strike late in spring training and the two sides came to an agreement before the beginning of the regular season so no regular-season games were canceled.
1981 MLB strike: Until 1994-1995, this was the largest strike as it canceled 713 games. The MLBPA went on strike after games on June 11 and games didn’t resume until August 10. The All-Star Game, which was held at Cleveland’s Municipal Stadium, was the first game played after the agreement was made.
This had significant ramifications on the playoffs as they decided to split the season. The four teams that were in first place (one in each league in the West and East since they did not have a Central division at the time) were automatically in the playoffs. After the strike, standings would be reset at zero and the winner of each division at the end of the season would play the first-half winner.
However, the Cincinnati Reds did not win either the first or second half in the NL West (yes, the NL West) so, despite having the best-combined record in baseball that season, they didn’t make the playoffs. This also happened to the St. Louis Cardinals, who had the best overall combined record in the NL East, who missed the playoffs.
The strike happened because owners wanted to revoke free agency.
1985 MLB strike: This did not cancel any games. This lasted for two days in August but the games missed were made up at the end of the season.
1990 MLB lockout: This did not cancel regular-season games but significantly impacted spring training. The MLB season was played in its entirety but everything was pushed back one week from the original schedule.
1994–95 MLB strike: Canceled 938 regular-season games between 1994 and 1995 as well as the entire 1994 postseason, including the MLB World Series.
What are the main issues being fought over in the MLB lockout?
Both the MLB owners and MLBPA have been fairly quiet on negotiations, but here are some of the biggest hold-ups.
- Currently, players become free agents after six full seasons in the majors. The MLBPA would like this to be sooner and it would like arbitration (achieved after three full seasons or a player is a “Super Two” (aka within a week of MLB service time or so of having three seasons) to be sooner too.
- Service-time manipulation (if a team keeps an MLB-ready player in the minors for a month or so to start the season, the team get an extra year of control of the player before arbitration and free agency).
- Salaries have been shrinking in the last two years or so. MLBPA is not happy about this.
- Having younger players and minor league players to get more pay and (for minor leaguers) being part of the MLBPA. MLBPA wants more pay for younger players since younger players are in their prime.
- MLBPA wants measures to be put in so teams cannot “tank.” A “salary floor” is part of this.
- There are some issues that are being discussed but they are, by and large, agreed upon (universal DH, expanded playoffs, pitch clock, etc.). They are largely agreed upon in thought but the implementation could be different (e.g. 12 playoff teams or 14 playoff teams, etc.)
Next. Free agency tracker: Where the top 25 free agents have signed. dark
When will the MLB lockout end?
No one knows exactly when the lockout will end. However, considering the tenor of recent conversations between the two sides, it seems like that there may be a lookout for, potentially, months.